See fortify on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biofortify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "defortify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortifiable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "fortified"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "fortifying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "refortify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unfortify"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"4": "*dʰerǵʰ-",
"5": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fortifien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fortifien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fortifier"
},
"expansion": "Old French fortifier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fortifier"
},
"expansion": "French fortifier",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "fortificāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin fortificāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fortis",
"t": "powerful, strong"
},
"expansion": "Latin fortis (“powerful, strong”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "to ascend, rise up; to be elevated or up high"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to ascend, rise up; to be elevated or up high”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "causative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "factitive"
},
"expansion": "factitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English fortifien, fortfien (“to strengthen (a castle, etc.) from attack; to strengthen (an army, etc.); to strengthen (a person), aid, support; to reinforce, support; to improve; to increase the efficacy of”), from Old French fortifier (modern French fortifier), from Late Latin fortificāre, the present active infinitive of fortificō (“to strengthen, fortify”), from Latin fortis (“powerful, strong”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to ascend, rise up; to be elevated or up high”) or *dʰerǵʰ- (“to be firm; robust, strong”)) + -ficō (suffix forming causative or factitive, or other verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fortifies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fortifying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fortified",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fortified",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fortify",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fortify (third-person singular simple present fortifies, present participle fortifying, simple past and past participle fortified)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"for‧ti‧fy"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "17 3 3 3 0 18 3 25 1 2 4 22",
"sense": "to strengthen (a place, etc.) by installing fortifications",
"word": "castellate"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 3 3 3 0 18 3 25 1 2 4 22",
"sense": "to strengthen (a place, etc.) by installing fortifications",
"word": "incastellate"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 3 3 3 0 18 3 25 1 2 4 22",
"sense": "to strengthen (a place, etc.) by installing fortifications",
"word": "incastle"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"old": "1",
"past": "fortified",
"past_2sg_old": "fortifiedst",
"pres_2sg_old": "fortifiest",
"pres_3sg": "fortifies",
"pres_3sg_old": "fortifieth"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortification"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortress"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1562, William Bullein, “The Booke of Compoundes”, in Bulleins Bulwarke of Defence against All Sicknesse, Soarenesse, and Woundes that Doo Dayly Assaulte Mankinde: […], London: […] Thomas Marshe, […], published 1579, →OCLC, folio 15, verso:",
"text": "[I]t [“oleum de costo”] fortifyeth yͤ ſtomack and Lyuer, it keepeth the hayre from fallyng of, & the head from horeneſſe [hoaryness], it cauſeth good colour, and ſauour in all the body.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1669, Robert Boyle, “Experiment XXXII. Shewing, that when the Pressure of the External Air is Taken off, tis Very Easie to Draw up the Sucker of a Syringe, though the Hole, at which the Air or Water should Succeed, be Stopp’d.”, in A Continuation of New Experiments Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, and Their Effects. The I. Part. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Henry Hall, printer to the University, for Richard Davis, →OCLC, page 107:",
"text": "[…] I preſum'd it vvill not be unvvelcome to Your Lordſhip, if I here fortifie the Speculations that have been or may be propos'd to explicate theſe things according to the Hypotheſis of the vveight of the Air, by vvhat vve tried to that purpoſe, among others, vvhen vve vvere making uſe of a Syringe in our Engine.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1701, [Jonathan Swift], “Chapter I”, in A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and the Commons in Athens and Rome, with the Consequences They Had upon Both Those States, London: […] John Nutt […], →OCLC, page 8:",
"text": "[T]hey admitted three thouſand into a ſhare of the Government; and thus fortified, became the cruelleſt Tyranny upon Record.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1711 July 30 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “THURSDAY, July 19, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 121; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 144:",
"text": "Nor must we here omit that great variety of arms with which Nature has differently fortified the bodies of several kinds of animals; such as claws, hoofs, horns, teeth, and tusks, a tail, a sting, a trunk, or a proboscis.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1863, “Psalm CXXXVIII [Verse 3]”, in W[illiam] Kay, transl., The Psalms, Translated from the Hebrew, […], Calcutta, West Bengal: R. C. Lepage and Co., →OCLC, page 304:",
"text": "In the day I called, Thou [God] answeredst me; / Thou fortifiedst me with strength in my soul.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1873 February, Émile Souvestre, “What One Learns Looking Out of a Window”, in A. W. C., transl., edited by [Roderick] Noble, The Cape Monthly Magazine, volume VI (New Series), Cape Town, Cape Colony: J. C. Juta, →OCLC, page 96:",
"text": "Thou [poverty] fortifiest the body, thou strengthenest the soul; and thanks to thee, this life to which the rich cling to as a rock, becomes as a skiff whose anchor death can part without awakening our despair.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something); to strengthen."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-7llDPs14",
"links": [
[
"give",
"give#Verb"
],
[
"power",
"power#Noun"
],
[
"strength",
"strength#Noun"
],
[
"vigour",
"vigour"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something); to strengthen."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "usilvam",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "усилвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podsilvam",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "подсилвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "增強"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zēngqiáng",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "增强"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhènzuò",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "振作"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "壯膽"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhuàngdǎn",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "壮胆"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "forstærke"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "terästää"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "renforcer"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "stärken"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "daingnigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "neartaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zásili",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "за́сили"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "whakapūioio"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "fortalecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "fortifica"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "întări"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usílivatʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уси́ливать"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usílitʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уси́лить"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepljátʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укрепля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepítʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укрепи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkrepljátʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подкрепля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkrepítʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подкрепи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 3 3 12 1 12 3 10 1 1 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podderžátʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поддержа́ть"
}
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1528, Thomas More, “A Dialogue Concernynge Heresyes & Matters of Religion […]. Chapter XXVI.”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published 30 April 1557, →OCLC, book I, page 164, column 1:",
"text": "And vnto that texte he wold haue made you a gloſe, that his father and he were one not in ſubſtaunce but in will. And that gloſe he would haue fortified and made ſomewhat ſemely with an other worde of Chriſt, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1621, Thomas Fitzherbert, chapter VII, in The Obmutesce of F. T. to the Epphata of D. [Samuel] Collins. Or The Reply of F. T. to D. Collins His Defence of My Lord of Winchesters Answere to Cardinall [Robert] Bellarmines Apology. […], [Saint-Omer, France]: [English College Press], →OCLC, paragraph 44, pages 211–212:",
"text": "[I]t may ſerue for no ſmal iuſtification of the tranſlatour that he fortifyeth his tranſlation vvith the authority of ſuch an auncient manuſcript, vvritten aboue eleuen hundred yeares ago, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1850, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Plato; or, The Philosopher”, in Representative Men: Seven Lectures, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson and Company, […], →OCLC, page 58:",
"text": "If he made transcendental distinctions, he fortified himself by drawing all his illustrations from sources disdained by orators and polite conversers; from mares and puppies; from pitchers and soup-ladles; from cooks and criers; the shops of potters, horse-doctors, butchers, and fishmongers.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To support (one's or someone's opinion, statement, etc.) by producing evidence, etc.; to confirm, to corroborate."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-Wth1u06W",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support#Verb"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion#Noun"
],
[
"statement",
"statement#Noun"
],
[
"producing",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence#Noun"
],
[
"confirm",
"confirm#Adjective"
],
[
"corroborate",
"corroborate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To support (one's or someone's opinion, statement, etc.) by producing evidence, etc.; to confirm, to corroborate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"text": "Soy milk is often fortified with calcium.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1979 July, “What’s in Cereals”, in Sidney Sulkin, editor, Changing Times: The Kiplinger Magazine, volume 33, number 7, Washington, D.C.: Austin H. Kiplinger, Kiplinger Washington Editors, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 47, column 1:",
"text": "Compare the nutrition information label of a regular ready-to-eat fortified cereal with that of a presweetened brand and you'll note that, although the sweetened one's sugar content is higher, the fortification is virtually identical.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients, especially minerals or vitamins."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-hbdVtrWr",
"links": [
[
"increase",
"increase#Verb"
],
[
"nutritional",
"nutritional"
],
[
"value",
"value#Noun"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"adding",
"add#Verb"
],
[
"ingredient",
"ingredient"
],
[
"minerals",
"mineral#Noun"
],
[
"vitamin",
"vitamin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients, especially minerals or vitamins."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podsilvam",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "подсилвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "強化"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánghuà",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "强化"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "berige"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "terästää"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "vahventaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "supplémenter"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "anreichern"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "arricchire"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zbógati",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "збо́гати"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dódade",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "до́даде"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "fortalecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "îmbogăți"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "enriquecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 42 1 1 3 21 3 1 17 3 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "berika"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The New Arcadia",
"ref": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Second Booke] Chapter 4”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC, folio 117, recto:",
"text": "[H]er ovvne proofe taught her to knovv her mothers minde; vvhich […] greatly fortified her deſires, to ſee, that her mother had the like deſires. And the more iealous her mother was, the more ſhe thought the Ievvell precious, vvhich vvas vvith ſo many lookes garded.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1691, John Ray, “To the Much Honoured and Truly Religious Lady, the Lady Letice Wendy of Wendy in Cambridgeshire”, in The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] I had rather vvrite of you to others, to provoke them to imitate ſo excellent an Example, than to your Self, to encourage you in your Chriſtian Courſe, and to fortifie you in your Athletick Conflicts vvith the greateſt of temporal Evils, bodily Pain and Anguiſh; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1695, [John Locke], “§70”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education. […], 3rd edition, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC, pages 98–99:",
"text": "A young Man, before he leaves the ſhelter of his Father's Houſe and the guard of a Tutor, ſhould be fortified vvith Reſolution, and made acquainted vvith Men, to ſecure his Vertue; leſt he ſhould be led into ſome ruinous courſe, or fatal precipice, before he is ſufficiently acquainted vvith the Dangers of Converſation, and has Steadineſs enough not to yield to every Temptation.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1751 September 21 (Gregorian calendar), Samuel Johnson, “No. 155. Tuesday, September 10. 1751.”, in The Rambler, volume VI, Edinburgh: […] Sands, Murray, and Cochran; sold by W. Gordon, C. Wright, J. Yair, […], published 1751, →OCLC, page 181:",
"text": "[E]very delay gives vice another opportunity of fortifying itſelf by habit, and the change of manners, though ſincerely intended and rationally planned, is referred to the time vvhen ſome craving paſſion ſhall be fully gratified, or ſome povverful allurement ceaſe its importunity.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1762, David Hume, “[Henry VI.] Chapter XX.”, in The History of England, from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Accession of Henry VII, volume II, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 355:",
"text": "The princeſs fell immediately into cloſe connexions vvith the cardinal and his party, the dukes of Somerſet, Suffolk, and Buckingham; vvho, fortified by her povverful friendſhip, reſolved on the final ruin of the duke of Gloceſter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1795 (date written), Edward Gibbon, “Memoirs of My Life and Writings”, in John Lord Sheffield [i.e., John Baker Holroyd, 1st Earl of Sheffield], editor, Miscellaneous Works of Edward Gibbon, Esquire. […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Strahan, and T[homas] Cadell Jun. and W[illiam] Davies, (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell), […], published 1796, →OCLC, page 146:",
"text": "I vvas not armed by Nature and education vvith the intrepid energy of mind and voice. […] Timidity vvas fortified by pride, and even the ſucceſs of my pen diſcouraged the trial of my voice.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter XIX, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, page 302:",
"text": "So pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to fortify his resolution to buy the estate if possible.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1864 May – 1865 November, Charles Dickens, “Tracking the Bird of Prey”, in Our Mutual Friend. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1865, →OCLC, book the first (The Cup and the Lip), page 123:",
"text": "Mr. Inspector, hastily fortifying himself with another glass, strolled out with a noiseless foot and an unoccupied countenance.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1875, Matthew Arnold, “A Persian Passion Play”, in Essays in Criticism […], 3rd edition, London; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, page 269:",
"text": "He pressed his friends to consult their safety by a timely flight; they unanimously refused to desert or survive their beloved master, and their courage was fortified by a fervent prayer and the assurance of paradise.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Rudyard Kipling, “[Egypt of the Magicians.] Dead Kings.”, in Letters of Travel (1892–1913), London: Macmillan and Co., […], published 1920, →OCLC, page 261:",
"text": "Even the sight of a very great king indeed, sarcophagused under electric light in a hall full of most fortifying pictures, does not hold him [a visitor to the Valley of the Kings, Egypt] too long.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XXI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "\"And do you realize that in a few shakes I've got to show up at dinner and have Mrs Cream being very, very kind to me? It hurts the pride of the Woosters, Jeeves.\" / \"My advice, sir, would be to fortify yourself for the ordeal.\" / \"How?\" / \"There are always cocktails, sir. Should I pour you another?\" / \"You should.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To impart fortitude or moral strength to (someone or their determination, or something); to encourage."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-4twplc~i",
"links": [
[
"impart",
"impart"
],
[
"fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"moral",
"moral#Adjective"
],
[
"determination",
"determination"
],
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figurative)",
"To impart fortitude or moral strength to (someone or their determination, or something); to encourage."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "For if they fell upon one kind of ſtrictneſſe, unleſſe their cure vvere equall to regulat all other things of like aptnes to corrupt the mind, that ſingle endeavour they knevv vvould be but a fond labour; to ſhut and fortifie one gate againſt corruption, and be neceſſitated to leave others round about vvide open.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1775, [Samuel Johnson], Taxation No Tyranny, an Answer to the Resolutions and Address of the American Congress, London: […] T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 31:",
"text": "It is, ſay the American advocates, the natural diſtinction of a freeman, and the legal privilege of an Engliſhman, that he is able to call his poſſeſſions his ovvn, that he can ſit ſecure in the enjoyment of inheritance or acquiſition, that his houſe is fortified by the lavv, and that nothing can be taken from him but by his ovvn conſent.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-97EBmCiU",
"links": [
[
"defensible",
"defensible"
],
[
"attack",
"attack#Noun"
],
[
"hostile",
"hostile#Adjective"
],
[
"forces",
"force#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figurative)",
"To make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 1 80 8 2 2 2 1 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces",
"word": "linnoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 1 80 8 2 2 2 1 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepljatʹ",
"sense": "to make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укреплять"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 1 80 8 2 2 2 1 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepitʹ",
"sense": "to make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укрепить"
}
]
},
{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Lyon”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 478:",
"text": "The third manner of hunting is done vvith leſſer labour: that is, foure ſtrong men armed vvith ſhields, and fortified all ouer vvith thonges of leather, and hauing helmets vpon their heades, that onely their eyes, noſes, and lips may appeare, vvith the brandiſhing of their firebrands ruſtle in vpon the lyon lying in his den: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 130, lines 256–257 and 262–263:",
"text": "If little things vvith great vve may compare, / Such are the Bees, and ſuch their native Care; / […] / To fortify the Combs, to build the VVall, / To prop the Ruins leſt the Fabrick fall: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) structurally strong; to strengthen."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-jkOb1F~p",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"structurally",
"structurally"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic) To make (something) structurally strong; to strengthen."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The Second Part […], 2nd edition, part 2, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene ii, signature G4, recto:",
"text": "Ile haue you learne to ſleepe vpon the ground, / March in your armor thorow watery fens, / […] / Then next, the way to fortifie your men, / In champion grounds, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1837, Washington Irving, chapter XI, in The Rocky Mountains: Or, Scenes, Incidents, and Adventures in the Far West; […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 120:",
"text": "They […] descended Snake river again, and encamped just above the American falls. Here they proceeded to fortify themselves, intending to remain here, and give their horses an opportunity to recruit their strength with good pasturage, until it should be time to set out for the annual rendezvous in Bear river valley.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.), or put (it or them) in a defensive position."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-s7BqUvDY",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"increase",
"increase#Verb"
],
[
"defences",
"defence#Noun"
],
[
"army",
"army"
],
[
"soldiers",
"soldier#Noun"
],
[
"put",
"put#Verb"
],
[
"defensive",
"defensive#Adjective"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(military)",
"To increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.), or put (it or them) in a defensive position."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ukrepjavam",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "укрепявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "加強"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāqiáng",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "加强"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "設防"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shèfáng",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "设防"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "befæste"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortikigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "linnoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "befestigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "verstärken"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "okhuróō",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "ὀχυρόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortifikar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ganghage hada",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "강하게 하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortificō"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "corrōborō"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "ēmūniō"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "firmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "munio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "praemunio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zácvrsti",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "за́цврсти"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zákrepi",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "за́крепи"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "garnysshen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "befeste"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "umocnić"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortalecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "pukaray"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortifica"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepljátʹ",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укрепля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepítʹ",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укрепи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortalecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 1 1 2 40 3 11 11 11 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "befästa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 9 5 5 13 15 11 4 5 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 13 3 3 14 14 12 2 2 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 8 4 4 20 11 12 2 3 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 11 6 6 13 11 10 5 5 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 11 5 5 14 11 11 3 3 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 6 7 14 10 11 3 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 11 6 5 13 11 11 4 4 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 12 5 4 15 12 11 3 3 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 11 5 5 16 11 10 3 3 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 7 7 13 11 11 3 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 11 5 5 14 11 11 3 3 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 7 7 13 11 11 3 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 7 7 12 10 11 4 6 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 9 8 8 13 9 10 3 5 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 11 5 5 14 11 11 4 4 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 7 7 13 11 11 3 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 11 5 5 14 11 11 3 3 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 9 4 4 16 12 12 3 3 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 6 7 13 11 11 3 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The New Arcadia",
"ref": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Thirde Booke] Chapter 4”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC, folio 307, recto:",
"text": "But Baſilius (having bene the last day ſomevvhat vnprouided) novv had better fortified the ouerthrovvne ſconſe; and so vvell had prepared every thing for defence, that it vvas impoſſible for any valour from vvithin, to prevaile.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book VI.] The Regions and People Confining upon the Scythian Ocean.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 121:",
"text": "Moreover Agrippa vvriteth, that this vvhole coaſt of Albanie (fortified vvith thoſe high and inacceſſible mountains of Caucaſus) containeth 425 miles.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 22:10, column 1:",
"text": "And ye haue numbred the houſes of Jeruſalem, and the houſes haue yee broken downe to fortifie the wall.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1705, J[oseph] Addison, “Monaco, Genoa, &c.”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 8:",
"text": "There are but Three Tovvns in the Dominions of the Prince of Monaco. The chief of 'em is ſituate on a Rock that runs out into the Sea, and is vvell fortify'd by Nature.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1759, William Robertson, “Book III”, in The History of Scotland, during the Reigns of Queen Mary and of King James VI, till His Accession to the Crown of England. […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, page 189:",
"text": "[B]eſides puniſhing the diſaffection of the inhabitants, by pillaging the country, the French propoſed to ſeize and fortify St. Andrevv's, and to leave there a garriſon ſufficient to bridle the mutinous ſpirit of the province, and to keep poſſeſſion of a port ſituated on the main ocean.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To secure and strengthen (a place, its walls, etc.) by installing fortifications or other military works."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-~smrhzl1",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"secure",
"secure#Verb"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"walls",
"wall#Noun"
],
[
"installing",
"install#Verb"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
],
[
"military",
"military#Adjective"
],
[
"works",
"work#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(military)",
"To secure and strengthen (a place, its walls, etc.) by installing fortifications or other military works."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 2 2 2 1 13 3 36 2 2 10 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to secure and strengthen (a place, etc.) by installing fortifications or other military works",
"word": "linnoittaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1725, [Daniel Defoe], “Part I”, in A New Voyage Round the World, by a Course Never Sailed before. […], London: […] A[rthur] Bettesworth, […]; and W. Mears, […], →OCLC, page 29:",
"text": "At the ſame time, I fortified my ſelf vvith the French Captain, and the Supra Cargo, and the other Captain; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide (a city, a fortress, an army, etc.) with equipment or soldiers."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-VtA7Fnit",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress#Noun"
],
[
"equipment",
"equipment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(military)",
"(obsolete) To provide (a city, a fortress, an army, etc.) with equipment or soldiers."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Wine",
"orig": "en:Wine",
"parents": [
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Food and drink",
"orig": "en:Food and drink",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sherry is made by fortifying wine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-DuLEG9aD",
"links": [
[
"winemaking",
"winemaking"
],
[
"add",
"add#Verb"
],
[
"spirits",
"spirits#Noun"
],
[
"wine",
"wine#Noun"
],
[
"alcohol",
"alcohol"
],
[
"content",
"content#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "winemaking",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(winemaking) To add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "加強"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāqiáng",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "加强"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "強化"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánghuà",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "强化"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "spidse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "versterken"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "terästää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "väkevöidä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "verstärken"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "alcooliza"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 11 1 1 1 11 2 1 66 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "spetsa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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{
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "6 10 12 6 6 14 11 10 4 4 14 4",
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "6 10 10 7 7 13 11 11 3 5 15 2",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 11 11 5 5 14 11 11 3 3 16 3",
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},
{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 7 7 13 11 11 3 5 15 2",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 10 6 5 12 10 9 4 5 19 3",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 7 7 12 10 11 4 6 15 3",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 10 6 6 11 10 10 4 8 16 5",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 9 8 8 13 9 10 3 5 14 2",
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{
"_dis": "6 11 11 5 5 14 11 11 4 4 16 3",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
"ref": "c. 1588 (date written; published 1591), [John Lyly], Endimion, the Man in the Moone. […], London: […] I[ohn] Charlewood, for the widdowe Broome, →OCLC, Act I, scene iii, signature C, verso:",
"text": "[…] I vvill vvithdravv my ſelfe to the Riuer, & there fortifie for fiſh: for there reſteth no minute free from fight.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 63”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC, signature E2, recto:",
"text": "For ſuch a time do I novv fortifie / Againſt confounding Ages cruell knife, / That he ſhall neuer cut from memory / My ſvveet loues beauty, though my louers life.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To install fortifications or other military works; also (sometimes figurative), to put up a defensive position."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-I45cdKCU",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(military) To install fortifications or other military works; also (sometimes figurative), to put up a defensive position."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 2 1 1 1 11 10 3 3 64 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to install fortifications or other military works; to put up a defensive position",
"word": "linnoittautua"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1605, Francis Bacon, “The Second Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio [82], recto:",
"text": "But the poets and vvriters of Hiſtories are the beſt Doctors of this knovvledge, vvhere vve may finde painted fourth vvith greate life, Hovv affections are kindled and incyted: and hovv pacified and reſtrained: and hovv againe Conteyned from Act, & furder degree: hovv they diſcloſe themſelues, hovv they vvork hovv they varye, hovv they gather and fortifie, hovv they are invvrapped one vvithin another, a[n]d hovve they doe fighte and encounter one vvith another, and other the like particularityes: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1658, [Nicolas de Bonnefons], “[The First Treatise.] Section III. Of Trees, and of the Choice which Ought to be Made of Them.”, in John Evelyn, transl., The French Gardiner: Instructing How to Cultivate All Sorts of Fruit-trees, and Herbs for the Garden: […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] M[artyn] for John Crooke, […], published 1669, →OCLC, page 28:",
"text": "From Peare-trees grafted upon the free-ſtock you ſhould cut off the dovvn-right root, that ſo the other roots may fortifie and extend themſelves all about to ſeeke the beſt mould.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become strong; to strengthen."
],
"id": "en-fortify-en-verb-4GlGAnxW",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(obsolete) To become strong; to strengthen."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fortify.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹtəˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɾə-]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "fortify"
}
{
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"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
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"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Food and drink"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biofortify"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "defortify"
},
{
"word": "fortifiable"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "fortified"
},
{
"word": "fortifier"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "fortifying"
},
{
"word": "refortify"
},
{
"word": "unfortify"
}
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{
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"2": "ine-pro",
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"4": "*dʰerǵʰ-",
"5": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "fortifien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fortifien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fortifier"
},
"expansion": "Old French fortifier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fortifier"
},
"expansion": "French fortifier",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "fortificāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin fortificāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fortis",
"t": "powerful, strong"
},
"expansion": "Latin fortis (“powerful, strong”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "to ascend, rise up; to be elevated or up high"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to ascend, rise up; to be elevated or up high”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "causative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "factitive"
},
"expansion": "factitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English fortifien, fortfien (“to strengthen (a castle, etc.) from attack; to strengthen (an army, etc.); to strengthen (a person), aid, support; to reinforce, support; to improve; to increase the efficacy of”), from Old French fortifier (modern French fortifier), from Late Latin fortificāre, the present active infinitive of fortificō (“to strengthen, fortify”), from Latin fortis (“powerful, strong”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to ascend, rise up; to be elevated or up high”) or *dʰerǵʰ- (“to be firm; robust, strong”)) + -ficō (suffix forming causative or factitive, or other verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fortifies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fortifying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fortified",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fortified",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fortify",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fortify (third-person singular simple present fortifies, present participle fortifying, simple past and past participle fortified)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"for‧ti‧fy"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "to strengthen (a place, etc.) by installing fortifications",
"word": "castellate"
},
{
"sense": "to strengthen (a place, etc.) by installing fortifications",
"word": "incastellate"
},
{
"sense": "to strengthen (a place, etc.) by installing fortifications",
"word": "incastle"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"old": "1",
"past": "fortified",
"past_2sg_old": "fortifiedst",
"pres_2sg_old": "fortifiest",
"pres_3sg": "fortifies",
"pres_3sg_old": "fortifieth"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "fort"
},
{
"word": "fortification"
},
{
"word": "fortress"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1562, William Bullein, “The Booke of Compoundes”, in Bulleins Bulwarke of Defence against All Sicknesse, Soarenesse, and Woundes that Doo Dayly Assaulte Mankinde: […], London: […] Thomas Marshe, […], published 1579, →OCLC, folio 15, verso:",
"text": "[I]t [“oleum de costo”] fortifyeth yͤ ſtomack and Lyuer, it keepeth the hayre from fallyng of, & the head from horeneſſe [hoaryness], it cauſeth good colour, and ſauour in all the body.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1669, Robert Boyle, “Experiment XXXII. Shewing, that when the Pressure of the External Air is Taken off, tis Very Easie to Draw up the Sucker of a Syringe, though the Hole, at which the Air or Water should Succeed, be Stopp’d.”, in A Continuation of New Experiments Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, and Their Effects. The I. Part. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Henry Hall, printer to the University, for Richard Davis, →OCLC, page 107:",
"text": "[…] I preſum'd it vvill not be unvvelcome to Your Lordſhip, if I here fortifie the Speculations that have been or may be propos'd to explicate theſe things according to the Hypotheſis of the vveight of the Air, by vvhat vve tried to that purpoſe, among others, vvhen vve vvere making uſe of a Syringe in our Engine.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1701, [Jonathan Swift], “Chapter I”, in A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and the Commons in Athens and Rome, with the Consequences They Had upon Both Those States, London: […] John Nutt […], →OCLC, page 8:",
"text": "[T]hey admitted three thouſand into a ſhare of the Government; and thus fortified, became the cruelleſt Tyranny upon Record.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1711 July 30 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “THURSDAY, July 19, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 121; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 144:",
"text": "Nor must we here omit that great variety of arms with which Nature has differently fortified the bodies of several kinds of animals; such as claws, hoofs, horns, teeth, and tusks, a tail, a sting, a trunk, or a proboscis.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1863, “Psalm CXXXVIII [Verse 3]”, in W[illiam] Kay, transl., The Psalms, Translated from the Hebrew, […], Calcutta, West Bengal: R. C. Lepage and Co., →OCLC, page 304:",
"text": "In the day I called, Thou [God] answeredst me; / Thou fortifiedst me with strength in my soul.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1873 February, Émile Souvestre, “What One Learns Looking Out of a Window”, in A. W. C., transl., edited by [Roderick] Noble, The Cape Monthly Magazine, volume VI (New Series), Cape Town, Cape Colony: J. C. Juta, →OCLC, page 96:",
"text": "Thou [poverty] fortifiest the body, thou strengthenest the soul; and thanks to thee, this life to which the rich cling to as a rock, becomes as a skiff whose anchor death can part without awakening our despair.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something); to strengthen."
],
"links": [
[
"give",
"give#Verb"
],
[
"power",
"power#Noun"
],
[
"strength",
"strength#Noun"
],
[
"vigour",
"vigour"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something); to strengthen."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1528, Thomas More, “A Dialogue Concernynge Heresyes & Matters of Religion […]. Chapter XXVI.”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published 30 April 1557, →OCLC, book I, page 164, column 1:",
"text": "And vnto that texte he wold haue made you a gloſe, that his father and he were one not in ſubſtaunce but in will. And that gloſe he would haue fortified and made ſomewhat ſemely with an other worde of Chriſt, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1621, Thomas Fitzherbert, chapter VII, in The Obmutesce of F. T. to the Epphata of D. [Samuel] Collins. Or The Reply of F. T. to D. Collins His Defence of My Lord of Winchesters Answere to Cardinall [Robert] Bellarmines Apology. […], [Saint-Omer, France]: [English College Press], →OCLC, paragraph 44, pages 211–212:",
"text": "[I]t may ſerue for no ſmal iuſtification of the tranſlatour that he fortifyeth his tranſlation vvith the authority of ſuch an auncient manuſcript, vvritten aboue eleuen hundred yeares ago, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1850, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Plato; or, The Philosopher”, in Representative Men: Seven Lectures, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson and Company, […], →OCLC, page 58:",
"text": "If he made transcendental distinctions, he fortified himself by drawing all his illustrations from sources disdained by orators and polite conversers; from mares and puppies; from pitchers and soup-ladles; from cooks and criers; the shops of potters, horse-doctors, butchers, and fishmongers.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To support (one's or someone's opinion, statement, etc.) by producing evidence, etc.; to confirm, to corroborate."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support#Verb"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion#Noun"
],
[
"statement",
"statement#Noun"
],
[
"producing",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence#Noun"
],
[
"confirm",
"confirm#Adjective"
],
[
"corroborate",
"corroborate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To support (one's or someone's opinion, statement, etc.) by producing evidence, etc.; to confirm, to corroborate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Soy milk is often fortified with calcium.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1979 July, “What’s in Cereals”, in Sidney Sulkin, editor, Changing Times: The Kiplinger Magazine, volume 33, number 7, Washington, D.C.: Austin H. Kiplinger, Kiplinger Washington Editors, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 47, column 1:",
"text": "Compare the nutrition information label of a regular ready-to-eat fortified cereal with that of a presweetened brand and you'll note that, although the sweetened one's sugar content is higher, the fortification is virtually identical.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients, especially minerals or vitamins."
],
"links": [
[
"increase",
"increase#Verb"
],
[
"nutritional",
"nutritional"
],
[
"value",
"value#Noun"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"adding",
"add#Verb"
],
[
"ingredient",
"ingredient"
],
[
"minerals",
"mineral#Noun"
],
[
"vitamin",
"vitamin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients, especially minerals or vitamins."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The New Arcadia",
"ref": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Second Booke] Chapter 4”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC, folio 117, recto:",
"text": "[H]er ovvne proofe taught her to knovv her mothers minde; vvhich […] greatly fortified her deſires, to ſee, that her mother had the like deſires. And the more iealous her mother was, the more ſhe thought the Ievvell precious, vvhich vvas vvith ſo many lookes garded.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1691, John Ray, “To the Much Honoured and Truly Religious Lady, the Lady Letice Wendy of Wendy in Cambridgeshire”, in The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] I had rather vvrite of you to others, to provoke them to imitate ſo excellent an Example, than to your Self, to encourage you in your Chriſtian Courſe, and to fortifie you in your Athletick Conflicts vvith the greateſt of temporal Evils, bodily Pain and Anguiſh; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1695, [John Locke], “§70”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education. […], 3rd edition, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC, pages 98–99:",
"text": "A young Man, before he leaves the ſhelter of his Father's Houſe and the guard of a Tutor, ſhould be fortified vvith Reſolution, and made acquainted vvith Men, to ſecure his Vertue; leſt he ſhould be led into ſome ruinous courſe, or fatal precipice, before he is ſufficiently acquainted vvith the Dangers of Converſation, and has Steadineſs enough not to yield to every Temptation.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1751 September 21 (Gregorian calendar), Samuel Johnson, “No. 155. Tuesday, September 10. 1751.”, in The Rambler, volume VI, Edinburgh: […] Sands, Murray, and Cochran; sold by W. Gordon, C. Wright, J. Yair, […], published 1751, →OCLC, page 181:",
"text": "[E]very delay gives vice another opportunity of fortifying itſelf by habit, and the change of manners, though ſincerely intended and rationally planned, is referred to the time vvhen ſome craving paſſion ſhall be fully gratified, or ſome povverful allurement ceaſe its importunity.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1762, David Hume, “[Henry VI.] Chapter XX.”, in The History of England, from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Accession of Henry VII, volume II, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 355:",
"text": "The princeſs fell immediately into cloſe connexions vvith the cardinal and his party, the dukes of Somerſet, Suffolk, and Buckingham; vvho, fortified by her povverful friendſhip, reſolved on the final ruin of the duke of Gloceſter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1795 (date written), Edward Gibbon, “Memoirs of My Life and Writings”, in John Lord Sheffield [i.e., John Baker Holroyd, 1st Earl of Sheffield], editor, Miscellaneous Works of Edward Gibbon, Esquire. […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Strahan, and T[homas] Cadell Jun. and W[illiam] Davies, (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell), […], published 1796, →OCLC, page 146:",
"text": "I vvas not armed by Nature and education vvith the intrepid energy of mind and voice. […] Timidity vvas fortified by pride, and even the ſucceſs of my pen diſcouraged the trial of my voice.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter XIX, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, page 302:",
"text": "So pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to fortify his resolution to buy the estate if possible.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1864 May – 1865 November, Charles Dickens, “Tracking the Bird of Prey”, in Our Mutual Friend. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1865, →OCLC, book the first (The Cup and the Lip), page 123:",
"text": "Mr. Inspector, hastily fortifying himself with another glass, strolled out with a noiseless foot and an unoccupied countenance.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1875, Matthew Arnold, “A Persian Passion Play”, in Essays in Criticism […], 3rd edition, London; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, page 269:",
"text": "He pressed his friends to consult their safety by a timely flight; they unanimously refused to desert or survive their beloved master, and their courage was fortified by a fervent prayer and the assurance of paradise.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Rudyard Kipling, “[Egypt of the Magicians.] Dead Kings.”, in Letters of Travel (1892–1913), London: Macmillan and Co., […], published 1920, →OCLC, page 261:",
"text": "Even the sight of a very great king indeed, sarcophagused under electric light in a hall full of most fortifying pictures, does not hold him [a visitor to the Valley of the Kings, Egypt] too long.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XXI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "\"And do you realize that in a few shakes I've got to show up at dinner and have Mrs Cream being very, very kind to me? It hurts the pride of the Woosters, Jeeves.\" / \"My advice, sir, would be to fortify yourself for the ordeal.\" / \"How?\" / \"There are always cocktails, sir. Should I pour you another?\" / \"You should.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To impart fortitude or moral strength to (someone or their determination, or something); to encourage."
],
"links": [
[
"impart",
"impart"
],
[
"fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"moral",
"moral#Adjective"
],
[
"determination",
"determination"
],
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figurative)",
"To impart fortitude or moral strength to (someone or their determination, or something); to encourage."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "For if they fell upon one kind of ſtrictneſſe, unleſſe their cure vvere equall to regulat all other things of like aptnes to corrupt the mind, that ſingle endeavour they knevv vvould be but a fond labour; to ſhut and fortifie one gate againſt corruption, and be neceſſitated to leave others round about vvide open.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1775, [Samuel Johnson], Taxation No Tyranny, an Answer to the Resolutions and Address of the American Congress, London: […] T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 31:",
"text": "It is, ſay the American advocates, the natural diſtinction of a freeman, and the legal privilege of an Engliſhman, that he is able to call his poſſeſſions his ovvn, that he can ſit ſecure in the enjoyment of inheritance or acquiſition, that his houſe is fortified by the lavv, and that nothing can be taken from him but by his ovvn conſent.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces."
],
"links": [
[
"defensible",
"defensible"
],
[
"attack",
"attack#Noun"
],
[
"hostile",
"hostile#Adjective"
],
[
"forces",
"force#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figurative)",
"To make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Lyon”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 478:",
"text": "The third manner of hunting is done vvith leſſer labour: that is, foure ſtrong men armed vvith ſhields, and fortified all ouer vvith thonges of leather, and hauing helmets vpon their heades, that onely their eyes, noſes, and lips may appeare, vvith the brandiſhing of their firebrands ruſtle in vpon the lyon lying in his den: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 130, lines 256–257 and 262–263:",
"text": "If little things vvith great vve may compare, / Such are the Bees, and ſuch their native Care; / […] / To fortify the Combs, to build the VVall, / To prop the Ruins leſt the Fabrick fall: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) structurally strong; to strengthen."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"structurally",
"structurally"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic) To make (something) structurally strong; to strengthen."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The Second Part […], 2nd edition, part 2, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene ii, signature G4, recto:",
"text": "Ile haue you learne to ſleepe vpon the ground, / March in your armor thorow watery fens, / […] / Then next, the way to fortifie your men, / In champion grounds, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1837, Washington Irving, chapter XI, in The Rocky Mountains: Or, Scenes, Incidents, and Adventures in the Far West; […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 120:",
"text": "They […] descended Snake river again, and encamped just above the American falls. Here they proceeded to fortify themselves, intending to remain here, and give their horses an opportunity to recruit their strength with good pasturage, until it should be time to set out for the annual rendezvous in Bear river valley.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.), or put (it or them) in a defensive position."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"increase",
"increase#Verb"
],
[
"defences",
"defence#Noun"
],
[
"army",
"army"
],
[
"soldiers",
"soldier#Noun"
],
[
"put",
"put#Verb"
],
[
"defensive",
"defensive#Adjective"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(military)",
"To increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.), or put (it or them) in a defensive position."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The New Arcadia",
"ref": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Thirde Booke] Chapter 4”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC, folio 307, recto:",
"text": "But Baſilius (having bene the last day ſomevvhat vnprouided) novv had better fortified the ouerthrovvne ſconſe; and so vvell had prepared every thing for defence, that it vvas impoſſible for any valour from vvithin, to prevaile.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book VI.] The Regions and People Confining upon the Scythian Ocean.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 121:",
"text": "Moreover Agrippa vvriteth, that this vvhole coaſt of Albanie (fortified vvith thoſe high and inacceſſible mountains of Caucaſus) containeth 425 miles.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 22:10, column 1:",
"text": "And ye haue numbred the houſes of Jeruſalem, and the houſes haue yee broken downe to fortifie the wall.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1705, J[oseph] Addison, “Monaco, Genoa, &c.”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 8:",
"text": "There are but Three Tovvns in the Dominions of the Prince of Monaco. The chief of 'em is ſituate on a Rock that runs out into the Sea, and is vvell fortify'd by Nature.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1759, William Robertson, “Book III”, in The History of Scotland, during the Reigns of Queen Mary and of King James VI, till His Accession to the Crown of England. […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, page 189:",
"text": "[B]eſides puniſhing the diſaffection of the inhabitants, by pillaging the country, the French propoſed to ſeize and fortify St. Andrevv's, and to leave there a garriſon ſufficient to bridle the mutinous ſpirit of the province, and to keep poſſeſſion of a port ſituated on the main ocean.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To secure and strengthen (a place, its walls, etc.) by installing fortifications or other military works."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"secure",
"secure#Verb"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"walls",
"wall#Noun"
],
[
"installing",
"install#Verb"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
],
[
"military",
"military#Adjective"
],
[
"works",
"work#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(military)",
"To secure and strengthen (a place, its walls, etc.) by installing fortifications or other military works."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1725, [Daniel Defoe], “Part I”, in A New Voyage Round the World, by a Course Never Sailed before. […], London: […] A[rthur] Bettesworth, […]; and W. Mears, […], →OCLC, page 29:",
"text": "At the ſame time, I fortified my ſelf vvith the French Captain, and the Supra Cargo, and the other Captain; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide (a city, a fortress, an army, etc.) with equipment or soldiers."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress#Noun"
],
[
"equipment",
"equipment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(military)",
"(obsolete) To provide (a city, a fortress, an army, etc.) with equipment or soldiers."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Wine"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sherry is made by fortifying wine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content."
],
"links": [
[
"winemaking",
"winemaking"
],
[
"add",
"add#Verb"
],
[
"spirits",
"spirits#Noun"
],
[
"wine",
"wine#Noun"
],
[
"alcohol",
"alcohol"
],
[
"content",
"content#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "winemaking",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(winemaking) To add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1588 (date written; published 1591), [John Lyly], Endimion, the Man in the Moone. […], London: […] I[ohn] Charlewood, for the widdowe Broome, →OCLC, Act I, scene iii, signature C, verso:",
"text": "[…] I vvill vvithdravv my ſelfe to the Riuer, & there fortifie for fiſh: for there reſteth no minute free from fight.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 63”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC, signature E2, recto:",
"text": "For ſuch a time do I novv fortifie / Againſt confounding Ages cruell knife, / That he ſhall neuer cut from memory / My ſvveet loues beauty, though my louers life.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To install fortifications or other military works; also (sometimes figurative), to put up a defensive position."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(military) To install fortifications or other military works; also (sometimes figurative), to put up a defensive position."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1605, Francis Bacon, “The Second Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio [82], recto:",
"text": "But the poets and vvriters of Hiſtories are the beſt Doctors of this knovvledge, vvhere vve may finde painted fourth vvith greate life, Hovv affections are kindled and incyted: and hovv pacified and reſtrained: and hovv againe Conteyned from Act, & furder degree: hovv they diſcloſe themſelues, hovv they vvork hovv they varye, hovv they gather and fortifie, hovv they are invvrapped one vvithin another, a[n]d hovve they doe fighte and encounter one vvith another, and other the like particularityes: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1658, [Nicolas de Bonnefons], “[The First Treatise.] Section III. Of Trees, and of the Choice which Ought to be Made of Them.”, in John Evelyn, transl., The French Gardiner: Instructing How to Cultivate All Sorts of Fruit-trees, and Herbs for the Garden: […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] M[artyn] for John Crooke, […], published 1669, →OCLC, page 28:",
"text": "From Peare-trees grafted upon the free-ſtock you ſhould cut off the dovvn-right root, that ſo the other roots may fortifie and extend themſelves all about to ſeeke the beſt mould.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become strong; to strengthen."
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(obsolete) To become strong; to strengthen."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fortify.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortify.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortify.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹtəˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɾə-]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "usilvam",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "усилвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podsilvam",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "подсилвам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "增強"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zēngqiáng",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "增强"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhènzuò",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "振作"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "壯膽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhuàngdǎn",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "壮胆"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "forstærke"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "terästää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "renforcer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "stärken"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "daingnigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "neartaigh"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zásili",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "за́сили"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "whakapūioio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "fortalecer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "fortifica"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"word": "întări"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usílivatʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уси́ливать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usílitʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уси́лить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepljátʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укрепля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepítʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укрепи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkrepljátʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подкрепля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkrepítʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подкрепи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podderžátʹ",
"sense": "to give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something) — see also strengthen",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поддержа́ть"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podsilvam",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "подсилвам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "強化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánghuà",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "强化"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "berige"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "terästää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "vahventaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "supplémenter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "anreichern"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "arricchire"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zbógati",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "збо́гати"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dódade",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "до́даде"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "fortalecer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "îmbogăți"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "enriquecer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients",
"word": "berika"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces",
"word": "linnoittaa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepljatʹ",
"sense": "to make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укреплять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepitʹ",
"sense": "to make (something) defensible against attack by hostile forces",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укрепить"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ukrepjavam",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "укрепявам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "加強"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāqiáng",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "加强"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "設防"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shèfáng",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "设防"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "befæste"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortigi"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortikigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "linnoittaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortifier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "befestigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "verstärken"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "okhuróō",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "ὀχυρόω"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortifikar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortigar"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ganghage hada",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "강하게 하다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortificō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "corrōborō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "ēmūniō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "firmo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "munio"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "praemunio"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zácvrsti",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "за́цврсти"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zákrepi",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "за́крепи"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "garnysshen"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "befeste"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "umocnić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortificar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortalecer"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "pukaray"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortifica"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepljátʹ",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укрепля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepítʹ",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укрепи́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "fortalecer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.); to put (it or them) in a defensive position",
"word": "befästa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to secure and strengthen (a place, etc.) by installing fortifications or other military works",
"word": "linnoittaa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "加強"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāqiáng",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "加强"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "強化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánghuà",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "强化"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "spidse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "versterken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "terästää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "väkevöidä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "verstärken"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "alcooliza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to add spirits to (wine) to increase the alcohol content",
"word": "spetsa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to install fortifications or other military works; to put up a defensive position",
"word": "linnoittautua"
}
],
"word": "fortify"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fortify meaning in All languages combined (46.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.